* 811 - Bulgarian forces led by Krum defeated a Byzantine invasion in the Battle of Pliska, killed Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros I and severely wounded his son and co-emperor Staurakios.
* 1139 - After a victory over the Almoravid Moors in the Battle of Ourique, Afonso the Conqueror was proclaimed the first king of an independent Portugal.
* 1822 - José de San Martín met with Simón Bolívar in Guayaquil to plan for the future of Peru and South America in general.
* 1882 - Richard Wagner's opera Parsifal (pictured) premiered at the Festspielhaus in Bayreuth, Germany.
* 1953 - Fidel Castro and his brother Raúl led a group of approximately 160 rebels in an unsuccessful attack on the Moncada Barracks, thus beginning the Cuban Revolution.
SOURCE:WIKIPEDIA
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